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Singh, J. P.
- Energy Management and Cost of Cultivation of Wheat Crop in Dryland Condition
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Agricultural Engineering, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (J), Jammu J&K, IN
2 Division of Agricultural Engineering, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (J), Jammmu J&K, IN
3 Dryland Research Sub Station (SKUAST J), Rakh- Dhiansar, Jammu J&K, IN
1 Division of Agricultural Engineering, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (J), Jammu J&K, IN
2 Division of Agricultural Engineering, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (J), Jammmu J&K, IN
3 Dryland Research Sub Station (SKUAST J), Rakh- Dhiansar, Jammu J&K, IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol 6, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 449–452Abstract
In case of dryland cultivation practices intelligently on need to minimize cost of production of any crop. Tillage is one of the major operations of the crop production and is an important contributor to the total cost of production. In this regards an experiment has been conducted on two tillage systemi.e. conventional and reduce tillage system in order to save the energy in production of wheat crop comprising three tillage treatments in combination to three doses of fertilizer application. The data revealed that the highest yield of wheat of 29.33q/ha was recorded in 50% conventional tillage + weedicide + interculture followed by conventional tillage + interculture with a grain yield of 27.87q/ha. With regard to nitrogen application through different sources, the highest average grain yield of 29.00q/ha was recorded with 100%N through inorganic fertilizer followed by 50% N through organic + 50% N through inorganic fertilizers with a grain yield of 28.25q/ha. As for as energy requirement and cost of operation were higher in the conventional tillage system (2907.53MJ and Rs.11347.33) than in reduce tillage i.e. 50% CT+ interculture+ weedicide (2227.20MJ and Rs.10335.30) and 50% CT+ interculture (2281.56 MJ and Rs.9948.60), respectively. The benefit cost ratio ranged from 1.08: 1 to 1.41: 1Keywords
Tillage, Wheat, Reduce Tillage, Fertilizer, Energy, Conventional Tillage
- Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Subsoiler-Cum-Vermicompost and Soil Amendments Applicator
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Authors
J. P. Singh
1,
T. C. Thakur
2
Affiliations
1 Division of Agricultural Engineering, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (J and K), IN
2 Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, College of Technology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), IN
1 Division of Agricultural Engineering, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (J and K), IN
2 Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, College of Technology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol 11, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 233-243Abstract
A tractor drawn ‘subsoiler cum vermicompost and soil amendments applicator’ was design and developed to examine the basic concept for placement of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers in subsoil at different depth upto 400mm. The developed machine was evaluated in laboratory for discharge rate and distribution pattern of different organic manures viz., vermicompost, pressmud and FYM at three moisture states and soil amendments i.e. gypsum, lime, cement and rice husk. Prior to laboratory testing of the machine, the physical properties of materials were studied. The machine was also tested under field condition on the basis of changes in dry bulk density, specific draft and wheel slippage at 250, 300, 350 and 400 mm depths of operation.The results revealed that the bulk density was uniform throughout the soil profile after operating at 400 mm depth. The bulk density reduced to a maximum of 13.88 per cent. The specific draft for 400 mm depth of operation was found lower by 33.26 per cent than that at 250 mm depth. Whereas, the wheel slippage was found to a maximum of 21.07 per cent at the draft of 12.20 kN for 400 mm depth of operation. The results obtained during performance evaluation of developed machine on response of mustard crop have clearly revealed the advantage of subsoiling and deep placement of organic and inorganic fertilizers in terms of substantial increase in yield parameters.Keywords
Field Evaluation, Subsoiler-Cum-Vermicompost, Soil Amendments Applicator.References
- Annual Report (2008). Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan (ICAR), Almora, Uttarakhand,pp. 51.
- Bulluck, L. R. and Ristaino, J. B. (2002). Effect of synthetic and organic soil fertility amendments on southern blight, soil microbial communities and yield of processing tomatoes. Phytopathology, 92: 181-189.
- Chauhan, A. M. and Kumar, Ramesh (1972). Review of research and development in seed-cum-fertilizer drills in India and areas of future work. J. Agric. Engg., 9(3): 31-43.
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- Chukwu, H. (2001). Residual effect of rice husk on selected soil chemical characteristics and yield of maize. Discovery & Innovation, 13 (1-2): 58-62.
- Godwin, R. J. and Spoor, G. (1981).The design and performance of narrow tines for the subsoil placement of fertilizer. ASAE 81 : 1091.
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- Jain, A.K., Sharma, S.K. and Singh, D. (1997). Availability and characteristics of paddy husk as a renewable energy source. J. Agric. Engg.,34 (1): 10-14.
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- Kumar, Arun (2003). Design and development of winged subsoiler with leading tines and maize crop response to subsoiling. Ph.D. Thesis, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 192 pp.
- Kumar, Virendra (1991). Evaluation of pressmud cake as a source of plant nutrients and soil amendments. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Soil Science, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 256 pp.
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- Mandal (2007). Design and development of subsoiler-cum-differential rate fertilizer applicator and its field evaluation on sugarcane crop. M. Tech. Thesis, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 178 pp.
- Manjunatha, H., Ganiger, V. M., Reddy, B. G. M. and Joshi, V. R. (2006). Integrated nutrient management in sapota (Manilkara zapota) using vermicompost to increase yield and quality. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 76 (10) : 587-590.
- McKenzie, D.C. and So, H.B. (1989). Effect of gypsum on vertisols of the Gwydir Valley, New South Wales, I: Soil properties and wheat growth. Australian J. Exp. Agric., 29 (1) : 51-62.
- Olsen R. A., Army, T. J., Hanway, J. J. and Kilmer, V. J. (1971). Fertilizer technology and use. (IInd Ed.), Soil Science Society of America, Inc. Madison, Wisconsin (USA).
- Pawar, R. B. and Patil, C. V. (2007). Effect of vermicompost and fertilizer levels on soil properties, yield and uptake of nutrients by maize. J. Maharashtra Agric. Univ., 32(1): 11-14.
- Rowse, H. R. and Stone, D. A. (1980). Deep cultivation of a sandy loam, I. Effects on growth, yield and nutrient content of potatoes, broad beans, summer cabbage and red beet in 1977. Soil & Tillage Res., 1(1): 57-68.
- Sharma, K. C. and Agrawal, R. K. (2003). Effect of chemical fertilizers and vermicompost on the productivity and economics of forage sorghum and their residual effects on oat. Range Management & Agroforestry, 24(2): 127-131.
- Soane, B.D. (1990). The role of organic matter in soil compactibility: A review of some practical aspects. Soil & Tillage Res.,16 : 179-201.
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- Design and Development of Weeding-Cum-Earthing-Up Equipment
Abstract Views :212 |
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Authors
Sunny Raina
1,
J. P. Singh
2
Affiliations
1 Advanced Center for Rainfed Agriculture, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agriculture Science and Technology, Jammu (J&K), IN
2 Division of Agricultural Engineering, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agriculture Science and Technology, Jammu (J&K), IN
1 Advanced Center for Rainfed Agriculture, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agriculture Science and Technology, Jammu (J&K), IN
2 Division of Agricultural Engineering, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agriculture Science and Technology, Jammu (J&K), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol 11, No 2 (2018), Pagination: 324-327Abstract
Every year in India, an average of 1980 Cr of rupees is wasted due to weeds. Our country faces the total loss of 33 per cent of its economy from weeds. Shrinking farm lands, acute labour shortage, decreasing income per acre of cultivation, and economic frustration are some of the key factors hurting a farmer’s confidence in continuing farming. Weeding control is done by: mechanical weeding, thermal weeding: flaming, biological control, chemical control and by farming pattern. It has always been a problem to successfully and completely remove weeds and other innocuous plants and also earthing-up the crop. In order to overcome these problems weedingcum- earthing-up equipment was developed. This work involved the design and construction of low cost weeding-cum-earthing-up equipment, which consists of two main units viz., first weeding unit and second soil cutting and earthing-up unit. A serrated blade and two discs were selected for weeding and earthing-up operations, respectively. The weeding efficiency and cutting width of developed equipment was found 90.7 per cent and 35 cm, respectively.Keywords
Weeding, Earthing-Up, Working Width, Weeding Efficiency.References
- Alam, A. and Singh, G. (2003).Present status and future needs of farm mechanization and agro – processing in India: Technical Bulletin 96. pp. 48-50. Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, India
- Alexandrou, A. and Coffing, G. (2001). An assessment of the performance of mechanical weeding control mechanisms used in north central ohio for maize and soyabean crops. ASAE annual international meeting, Sacramento Convention Centre, Sacramento, California, USA.
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- Singh, G.N., Sahay, K.M., Dubey, A.K,. Garg, V. and Singh, P.L. (2000). Two decades of agricultural engineering research at CIAE (1978-1998): Technical bulletin 99. pp 44-47. Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, India.
- Thiyagarajan, T.M., Ranganathan, C.R., Bhaskaran, A., Mathan, K.K. and Karivaradaraju, T.V. (2006). Trends in rice area, production and productivity in the different agroclimatic zones of Tamil Nadu. Madras Agric. J., 87: 287-290.